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来源：快三平台2024-06-21 17:48

快三平台

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

戏曲艺术焕发新的魅力和风采(2)******

戏曲艺术来自民间、成长于民间，生动展现了中国人的思维方式、价值观念、审美理想，以人民性为厚重底色，涵养着中国人共同的精神家园。戏曲在艺术形式、思想内容、表达手法上都具有鲜明特色。作为在中国社会流传千载、广泛普及的文化载体，戏曲在赓续文脉、弘扬传统文化上的作用尤为突出，具有显著的传承性特征。

正是缘于中华文化源源不断的滋养，戏曲艺术才能卓然屹立于世界民族艺术之林，璀璨夺目。而今，推进文化自信自强需要戏曲艺术进一步扎根中国大地，萃取传统文化精华，把艺术创造力和中华文化价值融合起来，把中华美学精神和当代审美追求结合起来，夯实戏曲创新创造的文化根脉。

近来，国家深化高等教育学科专业体系改革，艺术学门类专业目录调整中的一大亮点是把戏曲与曲艺等传统艺术门类与一级学科并列，这在戏曲艺术发展史和戏曲教育发展史上具有重要意义。我们应抓住契机，加快中国戏曲学派建设发展，拓展、丰富和完善戏曲艺术知识体系，用我们自己的语言将戏曲内涵总结好梳理好，将其中蕴含的中华文明精神标识和文化精髓提炼好展示好。强调戏曲艺术的文化根脉和民族特性，不是故步自封、盲目排外，而是坚持不忘本来、吸收外来、面向未来，让戏曲在世界文学艺术领域更好彰显中国气派、中国风范。

立足艺术特质，推进守正创新

戏曲艺术包容万端、自成体系、雅俗共赏，是我国传统艺术的典范。研究和发展戏曲艺术，要立足艺术本体，探寻戏曲之所以成为戏曲的内在规定性，进而以守正创新推动创造性转化、创新性发展，使戏曲艺术焕发新的魅力和风采。

戏曲艺术合歌舞、说唱、滑稽戏于一处，熔诗歌、音乐、舞蹈、美术等于一炉，集唱、念、做、打于一身，汇时间艺术、空间艺术于一体，建立起以舞台表演为核心的复合演剧体系，在世界三大戏剧体系中综合程度最高。戏曲艺术反映生活的基本手法，最主要、最突出的在于虚拟性，对舞台时空的处理简洁灵动，极力追求神似而不一味追求形似，极大增强了艺术内涵和感染力，形成了具有中国人审美特性的舞台艺术风格。高度的程式性是戏曲艺术又一个显著特质，它是反映生活的具体化表现形式，将生活动作加以合理的抽象概括，赋予舞台表演规范化的格式，并由此延展至其他各个方面，经过长期艺术实践发展为约定俗成的基本规制。

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

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